The concept of "framing" can affect which of the following?

Framing is a communication concept that applies to how information is presented and interpreted, influencing audience perceptions and reactions. In the context of health communication, framing can significantly shape audience attitudes and behaviors by highlighting certain aspects of a health issue while downplaying others. For instance, if a health campaign frames obesity as a serious threat to individual and societal well-being, it may motivate individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles. Conversely, framing it as a genetic issue could lead to a sense of helplessness and inaction.

This concept emphasizes the importance of language and context in persuading audiences and encouraging specific responses. Therefore, the effective use of framing in health communication can be a powerful tool for public health initiatives, policy advocacy, and individual behavior change.

Other options may relate to health communication but do not directly capture the influence of framing. For example, while framing might indirectly impact physical health outcomes through behavioral changes, it is primarily concerned with shaping perceptions, making the audience’s attitudes and behaviors the most relevant outcome. Similarly, cost and availability of healthcare services are related to systemic factors and policies rather than the framing of messages to audiences.